A Brief Biography of Luis Walter Alvarez - 691 Words

Luis Walter Alvarez was born on June 13th in the year 1911 in San Francisco but at that time no one knew he was going to be a world renowned physicist. As a adolescent, his love for science, technology and machines was evident, but no one guessed he would make something out of it. He and his father (Walter C. Alvarez) built a radio when he was eleven, this was when the radio was still a new invention. Graduating from The University of Chicago in 1932 and earning his phD in 1936 was not the end of his scientific interest. Luis Walter Alvarez continued to study science and physics. He was credited with many necessary discoveries about subatomic particles for which he earned the Nobel Prize in physics. His work did not stop there. He was a co-developer in the creation of the â€Å"ground-control approach system† for aircraft during the 1940’s. Luis Walter Alverez had a very significant role in the development Manhattan Project, in which he suggested the technique used for the detonation of an atomic bomb. He was member of the National Inventors Hall of Fame. On top of all this he held ownership of the patents for over 30 inventions including radar systems and the bubble chamber. Most of Luis Walter Alvarez’s work took place in the later years of his life as he worked with his son. He shared his love for science which inspired Alvarez’s son to become a geologist. Many things came our of them working together. Alvarez and his son proposed the currently accepted theory that theShow MoreRelatedStrategy Safari by Mintzberg71628 Words   |  287 Pagesinserted in this edition from Michael Porter s (1980) book (whose work, as we shall see, clearly falls into the positioning school), there are eight pages on the technological, economic, social, and political aspects of a company s environment, and brief consideration of the issues of forecasting and scanning. Andrews concluded his discussion with questions such as What is the underlying struc ture of the industry in which the firm participates? and How might foreseeable change in the social, politicalRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesed. p. cm. Includes indexes. ISBN-13: 978-0-13-283487-2 ISBN-10: 0-13-283487-1 1. Organizational behavior. I. Judge, Tim. II. Title. HD58.7.R62 2012 658.3—dc23 2011038674 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 10: 0-13-283487-1 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-283487-2 Brief Contents Preface xxii 1 2 Introduction 1 What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Individual 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Diversity in Organizations 39 Attitudes and Job Satisfaction 69 Emotions and Moods 97 Personality and Values 131 Perception and

The Relationship Between The Crime Victim and The Criminal...

Imagine, your life is perfect, in all its imperfections. You worked hard, through school, married with children, striving along towards goals, a mortgage, that fabulous house, and family reunions. Life is up and down, but your family is what makes all worthwhile. Hard times are family supported, laughter and tears, memories of past inspiring futures yet to come. Now, imagine in the wink of an eye, it is all gone, your wife raped and brutally murdered, your child found slaughtered in the yard, your husband, mother, father or sibling was tortured relentlessly for hours or days before finally dying, your life for all intent purposes is gone. There will never be healing, there will never be closure. All is lost forever. Nothing†¦show more content†¦It is immoral to deny victims’ rights over the rights of the killer. This belief is popularly held, as evidenced by a survey cited by Frank Zimring, â€Å"that sixty percent of participants â€Å"agreed either strongly or somewhat† that capital punishment brought closure to homicide families. (Zimmring in, ARMOUR, MARILYN PETERSON1, and MARK S.2, UMBREIT. Assessing The Impact Of The Ultimate Penal Sanction On Homicide Survivors: A Two State Comparison. Marquette Law Review 96.1 (2012): 1-131. OmniFile Full Text Mega (H.W. Wilson). Web. 22 Apr. 2014.) In response, to argue the rights of the victim from the victim’s view, in what they deem to be justice in the loss of their loved ones, in regards to the death penalty and its impact on homicide survivor’s wellbeing. I support the victim’s ultimate right to choose the death penalty in lieu of life without parole as a matter of justice. Weather morally right or wrong, the survivors need an end to the trauma. There must be an ending and a final closure that is the only compassionate avenue for survivors. Victims need validation, retribution and closure. Although, proponents will argue that murder as punishment for murder, lowers one’s self, to that of the murderer. I will argue that by ignoring the victim, and placing continued emphasis on the criminal is a devaluing of the victim and ominously sends a far more reaching and more damaging message to survivorsShow MoreRelatedRestorative Justice : The Criminal Justice System987 Words   |  4 Pagesconcept in the criminal justice arena, restorative justice has become a popular tool in the fields of both victimology and criminology (Doble Greene, 2000). According to Doble Greene, (2000) Restorative justice has been defined as: â€Å"A theory of justice that emphasizes repairing the harm caused or revealed by criminal behavior. It is best accomplished through cooperative processes that include all stakeholders.† Unlike the traditional criminal justice system, restorative justice main focus isRead MoreSimilarities Between Criminology And Victimology853 Words   |  4 Pagessimilarities and differences between Criminology and Victimology? They are many similarities and differenced between Criminology and Victimology. Criminology and Victimology are similar in the fact that it focuses it studies on the crime and the victim. Criminology and Victimology also share similarities in the effectiveness it gives to the criminal justice system. Criminology and Victimology also share similarities in the research, they look not just in to the crime itself, but into the psychologicalRead MoreRestorative Justice: Reconciliation of Society, the Victim and the Offender1335 Words   |  6 Pagescharacteristic of restorative justice- to reconcile society, the victim and the offender- but also to rehabilitate the offender so that he is no longer an â€Å"enemy† of the criminal justice system. This form of justice is gaining support in South Africa; however there are limitations to this form of justice which also in turn limit its success in the future. Restorative justice alone is definitely not a method of justice which we can adopt but it may be possible that this form of justice can help if it is integratedRead MoreRestorative Justice Is A Cost Effective Way Of Dealing With Crimes Essay1384 Words   |  6 PagesRestorative justice is an option to the formal criminal justice system which emphasizes repairing the harm caused by criminal behavior. It can build the criminal law’s moral reliability and validity, which in turn will give the law the ability to gain compliance 377 (Elias., 2016). Although Restorative Justice has many benefits, it is not for everyone in every circumstance. In this research paper, I will be arguing that restorative justice is a cost-effective way of dealing with crimes, reduces recidivismRead MoreThe Media And The Criminal Justice System Essay1260 Words   |  6 Pagesof information to its viewers, however, with the current crime trends, most viewers have the perceptions that our criminal justice system is lacking in areas of proper sentencing and protecting the viewers. All this is based upon what we see in the media is the information reliable or not? I say this because of hearing about news personality lying about their experience only to booster the networks rating. When the criminal justice system has contact with the media, most will withhold informationRead MoreCriminal Justice System1524 Words   |  7 Pagesfor the Criminal Justice System is to reduce the crime and the fire of crime. In order to achieve this it is using different agencies and the major of them are the Police, Prosecution, Courts, Prisons and Probation. They all are operating in synchrony for achieving their legal responsibilities and particularly for reducing the level of crime. The aim of this essay specifically is to discuss the functions of the police and how they actually fit with the objectives of the Criminal Justice System as aRead MoreThe State Based Justice System1550 Words   |  7 Pagesdeveloped state, crime and social order was maintained through informal social controls, such as ridicule and expulsion. Behaviour was controlled through norms and strong desires to maintain in-group conformity and solidarity. These societies had no centralized agent for formal control. This was known as community justice (Griffiths, 2011, p. 13). As societies developed and evolved, the informal community justice system was replaced by the formal state based justice system. As a result, crime was enforcedRead MoreDoes Restorative Justice Bring A Fresh And More Just Relationship1402 Words   |  6 PagesDOES RESTORATIVE JUSTICE BRING A FRESH AND MORE JUST RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OFFENDEERS AND VICTIMS? What is restorative justice? Restorative justice is the view towards crime as more than breaking the law. Restorative justice believes that crime causes harm to more than just the victim, it also causes harm to other factors such as the community, relationships and families. Therefore, a just response is required to deal with the harms and wrongdoing of the offender; a just response is a fair and candidRead MoreLiterature Review Retributive Justice: The Case of Justin Wolfe1838 Words   |  7 Pagesoffender and the victim, and questions the sanctity of the death penalty and the underlying cause of a crime. There is no single model of justice that can adequately handle the complexities of the Commonwealth v. Wolfe, where there exists no imbalance of power between criminal justice officials, victims and offenders and imprisonment provides offenders with skills likely to reduce recidivism. Literature Review Retributive Justice Moore (1993) indicates that retributive justice is based on justRead MoreCriminal Justice : It Has A Weak Social Control System For Our Safety882 Words   |  4 Pagesbelieve that Criminal justice institution; it has a weak social control system for our safety, because they are some officers that abuse of their power against the civilians. This affect or impact our society in a large distance in a way that social control system don’t have a strong system to protect use as a United States citizen from some officers that don’t do their job in the right way. After knowing that criminal justice is the last line of defense some of them abuse their power. Criminal justice

Monsoons in India Free Essays

string(29) " effect on the monsoons too\." It involves clearing a patch of forest land, but retaining useful trees and plant varieties, cultivating it for two to three years and then abandoning it for 10-20 years to allow the natural forest to grow back and the soil to regain its fertility. The cycle of cultivation, leaving it fallow and coming back to it for cultivation, is called the Jhum cycle. Traditionally, a village community owns/controls the forest land and decides on such rotational cultivation pattern. We will write a custom essay sample on Monsoons in India or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thus the community cultivates land for its livelihood while practising conservation and taking care of the ecological balance. However, with the population pressure, communities wanting to grow more food have cleared greater chunks of forest lands and returned to the fallow plots much sooner than 10-20 years. The length of the fallow phase between two successive cropping phases has come down to even two to three years in some places. This has resulted in soil degradation, fall in yield, lower returns, and reduction in green cover. It is this change in traditional practice, arising out of changing conditions, that has given jhum agriculture a bad name. Separately, forests are being exploited for timber and hills are being flattened for soil and stones. Often, this denuding of the forest too is blamed upon jhum cultivation. The state government has come out with various schemes to provide the jhumais with alternate means of livelihood and wean them away from jhuming. However the needs of the jhum cultivators have not been assessed rightly and these schemes have met with limited success or have completely failed. It is important to state here that shifting cultivation should not be confused with slash-and-burn. Slash-and-burn is a mere land clearing method used by many people around the globe to open up forest land and use it for permanent agriculture. On the contrary, shifting cultivation is an integrated farming system involving forestry, agriculture and strong social organisation on the part of the communities. Ecologically, the practice of jhum has a deleterious effect on the local environment, while others have often thwarted those arguments and proved that jhum in fact is a sustainable form of agricultural production best suited for the specific ecology of the hill regions. The arguments against jhum have included projecting it as an unsustainable practice that depletes the soil of nutrients, reducing the forest cover, causing landslides, etc. Arguments against jhum have come from state forestry departments, development ministries like DONER (Development Of North East Region) or trade promoting entities like the World Bank who lean towards utilisation of the region’s forest resources for the benefit of national and private capital. In addition, private entities wishing to utilise the land for specific profit-making ventures, like extraction industries, utilise these arguments to push the state to wean away local villagers from practicing jhum in order to lease the land. This has happened in the hill regions of Meghalaya and Assam where corrupt or otherwise, village councils leased out land to private and national corporations for extraction industries including coal, limestone, and uranium in the future. In addition, the paper industry has pushed for the growth of bamboo by villagers as a cash crop replacing an egalitarian cultivation system with one that has created a small mercantilist class controlling all bamboo production. However, these arguments have been rebutted by many scientists, including studies by organisations like the Indian Institute of Science, Tata Energy Research Institute and UNESCO who have proved in different ways that jhum is indeed a sustainable form of agriculture best suited to the rainy hill regions of Northeast India, over other forms of agriculture such as valley or terrace cultivation. Studies have further proved that, contrary to arguments of soil infertility, the practice of jhum ensures that fallowness in the soil is not compromised on, and often rapid regeneration of the vegetation takes place once a tract of land is abandoned after cultivation. CLIMATE CHANGE Climate Change its Impact on India India, the seventh largest country in the world and the second largest in Asia, has a total geographical area of 329 Mha, of which only 305 Mha is the reporting area (the area as per the land records of villages and towns). The mainland stretches from 8 4†² N to 37 6†² N and 68 7†² E to 97 25†² E. It has a land frontier of 15,200 km and a coastline of 7,516 km. India, the seventh largest country in the world and the second largest in Asia, has a total geographical area of 329 Mha, of which only 305 Mha is the reporting area (the area as per the land records of villages and towns). The mainland stretches from 8o4†² N to 37o6†² N and 68o7†² E to 97o 25†² E. It has a land frontier of 15,200 km and a coastline of 7,516 km. In developing countries like India, climate change could represent an additional stress on cological and socioeconomic systems that are already facing tremendous pressures due to rapid urbanization, industrialization and economic development. With its huge and growing population, a 7500-km long densely populated and low-lying coastline, and an economy that is closely tied to its natural resource base, India is considerably vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. The various studies conducted in the country have shown that the surface air temperatures in India are going up at the rate of 0. 4oC per hundred years, particularly during the post-monsoon and winter season. Using models, they predict that mean winter temperatures will increase by as much as 3. 2oC in the 2050s and 4. 5oC by 2080s, due to Greenhouse gases. Summer temperatures will increase by 2. 2oC in the 2050s and 3. 2oC in the 2080s. Extreme temperatures and heat spells have already become common over Northern India, often causing loss of human life. In 1998 alone, 650 deaths occurred in Orissa due to heat waves. Climate change has had an effect on the monsoons too. You read "Monsoons in India" in category "Papers" India is heavily dependent on the monsoon to meet its agricultural and water needs, and also for protecting and propagating its rich biodiversity. Subtle changes have already been noted in the monsoon rain patterns by scientists at IIT, Delhi. They also warn that India will experience a decline in summer rainfall by the 2050s, summer rainfall accounts for almost 70% of the total annual rainfall over India and is crucial to Indian agriculture. Relatively small climatic changes can cause large water resource problems, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions such as northwest India. This will have an impact on agriculture, drinking water and on generation of hydro-electric power. Apart from monsoon rains, India uses perennial rivers, which originate and depend on glacial melt-water in the Hindukush and Himalayan ranges. Since the melting season coincides with the summer monsoon season, any intensification of the monsoon is likely to contribute to flood disasters in the Himalayan catchment. Rising temperatures will also contribute to the raising of snowline, reducing the capacity of this natural reservoir, and increasing the risk of flash floods during the wet season. Increased temperatures will impact agricultural production. Higher temperatures reduce the total duration of a crop cycle by inducing early flowering, thus shortening the `grain fill’ period. The shorter the crop cycle, the lower the yield per unit area. A trend of sea level rise of 1 cm per decade has been recorded along the Indian coast. Sea level rise due to thermal expansion of sea water in the Indian Ocean is expected to be about 25-040 cm by 2050. This could inundate low lying areas, down coastal marshes and wetlands, erode beaches, exacerbate flooding and increase the salinity of rivers, bays and aquifers. Deltas will be threatened by flooding, erosion and salt intrusion. Loss of coastal mangroves will have an impact on fisheries. The major delta area of the Ganga, Brahmaputra and Indus rivers, which have large populations reliant on riverine resources will be affected by changes in water regimes, salt water intrusions and land loss. Increase in temperatures will result in shifts of lower altitude tropical and subtropical forests to higher altitude temperate forest regions, resulting in the extinction of some temperate vegetation types. Decrease in rainfall and the resultant soil moisture stress could result in drier teak dominated forests replacing sal trees in central India. Increased dry spells could also place dry and moist deciduous forests at increased risk from forest fires. Medical Science suggests that the rise in temperature and change in humidity will adversely affect human health in India. Heat stress could result in heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heal stroke, and damage physiological functions, metabolic processes and immune systems. Increased temperatures can increase the range of vector borne diseases such as malaria, particularly in regions where minimum temperatures currently limited pathogen and vector development. as one of the first in Asia to recognize the effectiveness of the Export Processing Zone (EPZ) model in promoting exports, with Asia’s first EPZ set up in Kandla in 1965. With a view to overcome the shortcomings experienced on account of the multiplicity of controls and clearances; absence of world-class infrastructure, and an unstable fiscal regime and with a view to attract larger foreign investments in India, the Speci al Economic Zones (SEZs) Policy was announced in April 2000. This policy intended to make SEZs an engine for economic growth supported by quality infrastructure complemented by an attractive fiscal package, both at the Centre and the State level, with the minimum possible regulations. SEZs in India functioned from 1. 11. 2000 to 09. 02. 2006 under the provisions of the Foreign Trade Policy and fiscal incentives were made effective through the provisions of relevant statutes. To instill confidence in investors and signal the Government’s commitment to a stable SEZ policy regime and with a view to mpart stability to the SEZ regime thereby generating greater economic activity and employment through the establishment of SEZs, a comprehensive draft SEZ Bill prepared after extensive discussions with the stakeholders. A number of meetings were held in various parts of the country both by the Minister for Commerce and Industry as well as senior officials for this purpose. The Special Economic Zones Act, 2005, was passed by Parliament in May, 20 05 which received Presidential assent on the 23rd of June, 2005. The draft SEZ Rules were widely discussed and put on the website of the Department of Commerce offering suggestions/comments. Around 800 suggestions were received on the draft rules. After extensive consultations, the SEZ Act, 2005, supported by SEZ Rules, came into effect on 10th February, 2006, providing for drastic simplification of procedures and for single window clearance on matters relating to central as well as state governments. The main objectives of the SEZ Act are: (a)generation of additional economic activity (b)promotion of exports of goods and services; c)promotion of investment from domestic and foreign sources; (d)creation of employment opportunities; (e)development of infrastructure facilities; It is expected that this will trigger a large flow of foreign and domestic investment in SEZs, in infrastructure and productive capacity, leading to generation of additional economic activity and creation of employment opportunities. The SEZ Act 2005 envisages key role for th e State Governments in Export Promotion and creation of related infrastructure. A Single Window SEZ approval mechanism has been provided through a 19 member inter-ministerial SEZ Board of Approval (BoA). The applications duly recommended by the respective State Governments/UT Administration are considered by this BoA periodically. All decisions of the Board of approvals are with consensus. The SEZ Rules provide for different minimum land requirement for different class of SEZs. Every SEZ is divided into a processing area where alone the SEZ units would come up and the non-processing area where the supporting infrastructure is to be created. was one of the first in Asia to recognize the effectiveness of the Export Processing Zone (EPZ) model in promoting exports, with Asia’s first EPZ set p in Kandla in 1965. With a view to overcome the shortcomings experienced on account of the multiplicity of controls and clearances; absence of world-class infrastructure, and an unstable fiscal regime and with a view to attract larger foreign investments in India, the Special Economic Zones (SEZs) Policy was announced in April 2000. This policy intended to make SEZs an engine for economic gro wth supported by quality infrastructure complemented by an attractive fiscal package, both at the Centre and the State level, with the minimum possible regulations. SEZs in India functioned from 1. 11. 2000 to 09. 02. 006 under the provisions of the Foreign Trade Policy and fiscal incentives were made effective through the provisions of relevant statutes. To instill confidence in investors and signal the Government’s commitment to a stable SEZ policy regime and with a view to impart stability to the SEZ regime thereby generating greater economic activity and employment through the establishment of SEZs, a comprehensive draft SEZ Bill prepared after extensive discussions with the stakeholders. A number of meetings were held in various parts of the country both by the Minister for Commerce and Industry as well as senior officials for this purpose. The Special Economic Zones Act, 2005, was passed by Parliament in May, 2005 which received Presidential assent on the 23rd of June, 2005. The draft SEZ Rules were widely discussed and put on the website of the Department of Commerce offering suggestions/comments. Around 800 suggestions were received on the draft rules. After extensive consultations, the SEZ Act, 2005, supported by SEZ Rules, came into effect on 10th February, 2006, providing for drastic simplification of procedures and for single window clearance on matters relating to central as well as state governments. How to cite Monsoons in India, Papers

Improving Self-Esteem free essay sample

Comparison of Penis Exercise Programs 27 Copyright Notice ? 29 . 29 O Punishments. Com 2006 Page 2 Introduction The Purpose of this Guide The first question most people ask when opening this guide tort the first time is W or what is Penis Health and why have they produced this e-book? Well, let us tell you. Penis Health is an online penis enlargement exercise program that has been developed and improved over several years to produce one of the leading and most respected penis exercise programs anywhere on the internet. k so you have done this e-book as a clever marketing ploy to get more sales? This is not entirely true, of course we would love it if after reading this book you decided that you wanted to investigate the program further and visited our website; however that is not our primary aim. Most enlargement programs out there exist for only one reason and that is to make money, at Penis Health we do things a little differently. Our company vision is to dispel the many myths about penis enlargement being impossible, and we recognize there is only one way to do this. That is to educate the common man with the facts and techniques that thousands of men have been successfully using to et a bigger pens. Thousands of men have shown that penis enlargement exercises can: We have a passion for penis enlargement because we know it works, our Job is to let the world know that it works and bring penis enlargement into the public eye, much as breast enlargement has become a common discussion topic around the dinner table, on the bus, and even at work. This guide is the first step in achieving our vision. The next section will explain how the exercises work to enlarge their pens, you may be surprised. Penis Enlargement is not some kind of magical, unexplainable occurrence; it is a logical and scientific process. Page 3 Think of it this way, what is the first thing you do with a balloon before you blow it up? You stretch it and this makes the rubber more supple and allows the balloon to hold more air. Of course the penis is very different to a balloon but the basic principles are the same, if you can exercise your penis to hold more blood then it will become larger in size, simple as that! There are many benefits to be enjoyed when you have a bigger pens, for starters the confidence it can bring can literally turn your life around. Can you remember the last time you wanted to approach a woman but didnt have the confidence? Or even the last time you went to the gents and felt insecure whilst standing at the urinals? Well, a bigger penis can bring you the confidence to approach that woman you have had your eye on, and you could be visiting the gents completely relaxed knowing that you are probably larger downstairs than every other man in there. A bigger penis meaner you KNOW you can satisfy any woman and that knowledge and confidence can radiate throughout your entire life. Dont believe us? Carry on reading to find out exactly how penis enlargement exercises have helped others and how they can help you! k, thats enough from us, the rest of this guide will tell you exactly how the exercises work, how to perform them and the most effective approach for successful gains. We hope that you enjoy reading this guide and that the intimation we nave provided you will be useful in your quest for a bigger penis. Good Luck! Page 4 The Anatomy of a Penis The penis is as complex as any other part of the human body, despite a deceivingly simple appearance. Moreover, since the two functions of the penis are well-known to en and women alike, there is a tendency to think that everybody knows everything worth knowing about it. However, there are always a few questions left unanswered or some obscure bit of information that nobody bothers to remember and which may become interesting in a certain context. Basically, the human penis is made up of two parts: the shaft and the glass (also known as the head). The shaft is not a muscle as some have suggested. It is made of three columns of tissue, one of which continues forward to form the glass. These columns are called the Corpus Sponginess, which arms the underside of the penis and the glass, and the Corpora Cavernous, which are two chambers of tissue located next to each other on the upper side of the penis. The shaft is covered in skin, while the glass supports the loosely attached fold of skin known as the foreskin. The foreskin is attached to the underside of the pens, in an area called the freemen. And, lastly, the penis is traversed from base to tip by the Urethra. This canal serves as a passage for both urine, produced in the bladder, and the sperm, produced in the testes. Erection is achieved by filling the two Corpora Cavernous chambers with blood. Unlike some other mammals, humans have no erectile bone and have to rely instead on engorgement with blood to reach erection. When the erection is triggered by sexual stimulation, the arteries that bring blood to the penis dilate in order to increase blood flow. The sponge-like Corpora Cavernous fills up Page 5 with blood, which makes the penis stiff. The stiffer tissues constrict the veins that carry blood away from the penis in order to maintain the erection. Every male baby is born with a full set of reproductive organs. However, these organs are not fully developed and remain so until the boy enters puberty. At puberty, usually between the ages of 10 and 14, the pituitary gland starts secreting hormones that induce the testicles to produce testosterone. This is the hormone that controls all the physical and many of the psychological traits that define man. Its presence ensures the development of bigger bones and higher muscle mass in men. It is also responsible for the increase in penis and testicles size, the apparition of pubic hair and the deeper tone of the male voice. The penis stops growing at the end of puberty, which comes around the age to 18 However, there are many environments I doctors that may delay or accelerate the onset or the end of puberty. This meaner that some men may experience penis growth beyond the age of 18. A common urban myth that almost everyone has heard, is the idea that penis size is linked to the size of another body part. The most common versions of this myth focus on the size of hands, feet, nose or overall height to determine the size of the penis. Actually, there is no such link. Although the development of the penis in the embryo is controlled by the same genes as the limbs, penis growth at puberty is entirely overfed by testosterone and has nothing to do with the other parts of the body. Some men are born with big penises. This is an undisputed fact of life whose causes are still a mystery to science. As stated above, there is no correlation between penis and body size. Studies conducted on bats have shown that the sexual organs and the brain require large quantities of energy to develop. At some point, the developing embryo decides whether it wants a bigger brain or a bigger set of sexual organs. However, science is still at a loss to understand how the decision is made and why. Page 6 And, lastly, a word on penis exercises. The exercises that Punishments promote are designed to force the columns of tissue to expand in both length and girth. This is done by exerting pressure on the shaft and helping the cells that make up the tissues to multiply. Obviously, the aim of these exercises is to make the Corpora Cavernous hold more blood in order to increase the size of the erect pens. Contrary to what many skeptics think, the careful and sustained exercising of the penis is a safe and effective way of increasing length and girth. Psychological Benefits of a Bigger Penis The face of a man is usually an open book to most women. They can read practically anything in our faces. Vive known ladies who could tell the size of my pens, bank account and the status of my sex life by taking only one look at me. Of course, the look was followed by the ladys departure in the opposite direction. Failure always leaves a mark on your face, Just like success does. And women can read those marks awfully well. Its even worse when you have a small penis and failure tends to follow failure in a pattern that grows bigger every day. The first thing women notice about a an is his confidence level. A stoop-shouldered man with a downcast look has very little chance of actually getting a date from a decontrolling lady. On the other hand, a broad-cheesed guy with a confident look in his eyes and a swagger in his step is sure to catch the eye of most women. He may not get every single pretty girl, but hell sure as hell be noticed by each and every one. Trust me, nothing gives a man more confidence than a big penis. A man who knows that the schools dangling in his pants is big enough to satisfy any woman walks around with an l dont nave a care in the world kind to aura. You can bet your elite that women notice that. Women dont care a lot what a man says, since most men have little to say that interests a woman. But they pay strict attention to page 7 the subtle signs in a mans attitude. Women think: If he looks confident, then there must be something about him that makes him so confident. This could be interesting. A big penis is your ticket to that show of confidence that is not an act or a sham, but the real thing. Are you suffering from low-confidence and anxiety? Are you afraid that women may look down on you? Then penis enlargement is the solution for you. The minute you stop worrying, its their turn to be anxious. A big penis has a lot of benefits and no downside that I can think of. Well, maybe if you decide to increase your penis size to 9 or 10 inches; that could be a problem. But if you stick to a nice 8 inches, then youll reap all the benefits. Increased confidence, greater stamina in bed, better control of your ejaculation, longer sex sessions and more pleasure for you and the lady, all these can be yours. Anxiety, depression and low self-esteem have no chance against a big penis and orchard erections that last much longer than before. Women will be impressed by the hefty dick that Just keeps going and men will eye the bulge in your pants with envy. Now thats what I call turning the tables! Do Penis Enlargement Exercises Really Work? Many people are keen to dismiss penis exercises as myths even though they are not familiar with the facts. Penis exercises have been around in one form or other for a very long time. Primitive tribes are still using weights, various objects and exercises to force parts of the human body to change size and achieve a new look. The women of the Padding tribe use metal rings to lengthen their necks, while the people from other tribes hang weights from their lips or ear lobes in order to reach their own standards of beauty. With all these going on, why should it be so hard to believe that the penis was ignored? Especially since we know that it was not. Various penis enlargement techniques have also been reported, especially among the nomad Arabic tribes. Body enhancement techniques performed by males were always tied to the position of the person in question within the tribe or with the manhood initiation rites. Page 8 It seems that men found early on that the human body can be modified using vices or exercises. The only traction devices at their disposal for a long period of time were weights, but stretching the penis using ones own hands was Just as g as any device. The basic principle behind body enhancement is the adaptability of the human body in response to external stimuli. Everybody knows that the extra physical effort put into working out at the gym will trigger an increase in the size of the muscles that have to sustain the effort. Similarly, repeated exercises focused on the pens, will force the body to start multiplying the cells that make up the penis issues and to increase both the length and girth of the penis in order to cope with the new situation. The best known penis enlargement exercise is the Jell. This exercise is designed to enlarge the penis using milking movements in order to increase the blood flow into the corpora cavernous, the sponge-like tissues of the penis. The increased blood flow will, in time, force the tissues to expand and increase both the flaccid and erect sizes of the pens. DRP. Brian Richards conducted a study of penis enlargement exercises in the sass and found that the Jell helped nearly 90 percent of patients increase their penis size. The gains ranged in size of course, but it was proven that men could add an inch or more to their penises. Despite the rabid skepticism of those who cannot be bothered to check the facts, common sense and evidence point to the fact that penis enlargement exercises do work. No man who could use an extra inch or two in length or girth should write them off until hes actually tried them. Many skeptics have been pleasantly surprised after embarking on a penis exercise program, so why not give it a go? Theres nothing to lose and a whole world of sexual pleasure and self-respect to gain. Testimonials of Success If the information we have provided you so far isnt enough to convince you that penis enlargement is possible then read on to find out about the experiences of men who were in the exact same position as you not that long ago. For your reference: PEEL = Bone-pressed Erect Length The standard form of measurement taken by pressing a ruler up to the pubic bone at the base of the penis and measuring to the tip of the head whilst the penis is 100% erect EL = Erect Length Measurement taken from the base of the penis to the tip of the head without exerting any pressure on he pubic bone whilst the penis is 100% erect Page 9 EGG = Erect Girth Measurement taken around the circumference of a central point of the shaft of the penis whilst 100% erect BALL = Bone-pressed Flaccid Length Measurement is taken by applying pressure at the pubic bone and measuring to the tip of the head whilst the penis remains completely flaccid FL = Flaccid Length Measurement taken from the base of the penis to the tip of the head (without pressure on the pubic bone) whilst the penis is completely flaccid FIG = Flaccid Girth Measurement taken around the circumference of a central point of the shaft of the anis whilst completely flacci d Daryl, Australia In 2003, I and viewed some televised dotage on stressful Penis Enlargement surgery and whilst surfing the net on the subject, stumbled on the penis-health website. l absorbed all the info on the whole concept and mechanical meaner of PEE. I measured my starting stats correctly and learnt the exercises and routines and commenced PEE in September 2003. My starting measurements were PEEL 5 7/8 (NOBEL 4 S apron) and EGG 5 1/8 My flaccid size was an embarrassment at around 2 length and 4 s girth. l was extremely amazed when the results occurred. I had been doing the exercises religiously for about 5 6 weeks and only noticed flaccid gains and a small bit in EGG and EL, (although harder erections and a huge increase in horniness were noticed within the first week), then I had a growth spurt and 1/2 literally appeared in a week. To date, My statistics are as follows: PEEL 7. 3 (6] NOBEL) x EGG as My flaccid size is great but still varies on occasion according to con ditions around 5 6 length and 5 1/8 girth. page 10 Supra, Members Forum Starting Measurements: PEEL: 6 inches , EGG: 5 inches Current Measurements: PEEL: 8 inches , EGG: 6 inches Gains: PEEL: + 2 inches , EGG: + 1 inch Shadows, Members Forum l have to say I was doubtful about being able to enlarge my penis through simple exercise, I was wrong. Its been a full year of a dedicated exercise program and patience When I started the program on Penis-Health I was just below average in length and girth(5. 75L and 4. 75G) l am now a half an inch longer, and an inch bigger in girth. Through the program my erections have become stronger and I maintain it for a longer period of time. My wife has commented on the difference and we have sex a ell of lot more, although I couldnt complain before! Ive also been able to cure the weak bladder Id had since I was a kid with the keel exercises described. Im a lot more confident in everyday life and hold my head high (pun intended). Thanks to Penis-Health and all the support they provide. Page 1 1 If you would like to read more about penis enlargement exercises and the successes of men Just like you then why not consider a visit to Mens-Network. Com a discussion forum with over 50,000 members and thousands of threads providing helpful hints and tips. The thrums contain a phenomenal amount to intimation and, support s that trot Latinists Punishments program are on hand to answer any questions you may have. It is definitely worth a visit if you are interested in finding out more about the exercises. Methods to Avoid Penis enlargement is one of the worlds fastest growing industries. Unfortunately as a result of this, several products have crept onto the market with the aim of making a quick buck and benefiting from mans natural insecurities, regardless of whether the product is a safe and effective choice for a larger penis. Here we will give you a rife guide on which methods you need to avoid if you are going to successfully and safely enlarge your pens. Weights are probably the oldest penis enlargement technique around, and by far the simplest to operate. However, simplicity is not always the best option and this certainly rings true for weight hanging. Weight hanging is widely regarded as one of the most dangerous techniques of penis enlargement because of the amount of weight needed to create any lasting effect. Known dangers of this method include; impotence, ligament damage, painful erections, deformity and stretch marks. In addition, by only stretching the penis in en direction as weights do, meaner that if you gain any length it is most likely to be at the expense of girth size, so you could end up with a longer but much thinner pens. Another common option for the misinformed man is the penis pump, made famous by a host of adult movie stars who claim their large penis secret is the regular use of a penis pump. Lets get something straight, these adult stars almost always have a large penis to start with, that is often why they are an adult star in the first place. The only thing they use a penis pump for is to gain an erection to its fullest extent for long enough to perform their scene. Age 12 People often wrongly believe that penis pumps have been proven as a long term solution to enlarge the penis, this is incorrect. Pumps have been proven to help with impotence since they force blood into the pens, this can often result in a larger than normal penis as it promotes a stronger than normal erection. However, the effects of pumps are temporary, they will help gain an erection for a few minutes but will doing very little to enlarge the penis in the long term. Pumps are not only ineffective at providing long term size gains, but they also come complete with a series of dangers or any man that chooses to use them. For starters the mechanical forcing of blood into the penis is difficult to control and therefore often results in severe bruising, blisters and even burst blood vessels within the penis. Repeated use can bring on impotence when the body begins to rely on mechanical stimulation to produce an erection, further risks include deformation and diseases. Next up is the magic pill scam that is often reported in the media. Penis pills have popped up for sale all over the internet oaten Witt wild claims to adding several inches, curing impotence and ending premature ejaculation. Dont you think that if a pill could really do all of this then the medical community would be knocking down doors to prescribe them to the individuals who need them? The truth is that pills cannot enlarge the penis by themselves. They can, however, be used in conjunction with a more reliable penis enlargement method such as exercises to help speed up and enhance gains. Pills work by increasing blood flow, which in turn meaner the exercises have more to work with and therefore can produce gains more quickly. Exercises are more than capable of working alone though, so pills should only been seen as a supplement rather than a must have! And last of all, surgery, the latest penis enlargement technique to emerge. Surgery is expensive, not very safe and definitely not under customer control. The results of any type of plastic surgery are somewhat unpredictable and that goes double for the penis. This technique is mostly an option for rich people who can afford the best surgeons around to enlarge their penises. Any mistake here could mean impotence and the end of your sex life. I have yet to see a surgeon who will guarantee results, they simply will not, page 13 which shows that even the professionals carrying out the treatment do not have omelet confidence in what they are doing. By all meaner go ahead and look into surgery, perhaps you will be one of the lucky ones who is completely satisfied with the results. However, bear in mind that surgery is not only the most expensive option, but also one of the riskiest. Furthermore, surgery gone wrong is often irreversible; surely it makes sense to try a natural solution first? So, if you dont trust ointments, weights, pumps or surgery, then penis enlargement exercises are the best way to go. You can perform them at your leisure, in the privacy of your own home. It is up to you o decide the length of sessions and the intensity of exercises. You can stop at any time and start again whenever you feel like it. What could be better than that? Advice for Beginners The first thing that you should keep in mind when starting your penis enlargement program is that you need to put your willpower behind this. Just like everything else, you have to stick to penis enlargement to see results. Dont start on something Just to find out two weeks later that it bores the hell out of you. Penis enlargement works only if you strive to do the exercises right and stick to a regular routine. Bone up on knowledge. Yes, you got that right. Just like everything else (l never tire of this phrase), you need to know as much as possible about penis enlargement. This is the best way to see where others have failed and to understand what is it youre doing and why youre doing it. Bettor your exercise session, measure your penis Witt a ruler (see next section). Do exaggerate! This is something you arent going to show to anybody else (unless you want to) and theres no reason to lie to yourself. If you exaggerate now, you wont be able to correctly identify gains in the future, which usually leads to denomination and allure. Dont measure yourself too often, once every Page 14 four or six weeks is enough to show you how much youve gained. Dont expect results to appear overnight. It may take a month or more for the first gains to show up. Just stay the course and youll reach your goal. The penis is tissue and not muscle, so whereas muscles are fast to grow in size as a response to a genuine need, the penis is simply tissue and it takes much longer to force tissue to expand. If youre interested in good results and safe enlargement, you could Join a professional program of penis enlargement exercises. The best programs come with detailed explanations, photos and videos in order to make sure that you perform the exercises correctly every time and will offer you a dedicated support team should you have questions that need answering. Penis enlargement routines are usually preceded and followed by warm up and down sessions. Its important that you do not skip these sessions. They help get your penis ready for a good workout and for the healing and rebuilding process that follows exercises. Warm up sessions decrease the risk of injuries, while warming down helps the penis to heal faster. You should also remember that there are no set routines. Feel free to experiment with the exercises and find out what works for you. Long time program members can tell you about their own routines and teach you what works best. All you need to do is ask for help and people wont say no. Veterans are always willing to share with beginners what theyve learnt in months and years of penis enlargement. Experimentation and expert advice are the best way to maximize your gains and help your penis enlarge faster. Just make sure you are always careful and not rushing into anything. Nobody wants injuries to spoil the party. The next section contains the information that is the icing on the cake for this e-book. We will now explain to you how to correctly measure your penis and then we will show you some of the exercises that can get you started on the way to the bigger penis you desire! Page 15 Measuring the Penis First you need to measure your starting lengths, both flaccid and erect. We also recommend that you keep a logbook of your gains. Remember, when measuring be negative and round down the totals so that when you do see gains you dont think its just because you didnt measure correctly! You should only measure once every

Mainstream Society Essays - Chilly Gonzales, I Am Joaquin

Mainstream Society In the poem ? I am Joaquin ? written by poet/writer Rodolfo Gonzales portrays how his culture battles but still survive in today's mainstream society. Gonzales knows that his ancestors lost the economic battle, but still managed to survive culturally. He also understands that he must fight so the future can be bright for his son's and he must let them know how hard it was to be where he is now. Gonzales is pleased that he hasn't been trapped in today's mainstream society and that he is not ashamed because of his heritage background. Gonzales also writes about how he endures in a society that brings him down because of his cultural background. Gonzales wants his kids to understand how his ancestors struggled but endured to survive culturally. Gonzales acknowledges that his bloodlines remained culturally even though losing the battle economically, so he must fight to bring hope for the future,? I must fight and win this struggle for my son's and they must know from me who I am.? Gonzales wants the future to understand where they came from and how there was struggle for the future. Gonzales writes,? I have endured in the rugged mountains of our country. My fathers have lost the economic battle and won the struggle of cultural survival.? Gonzales knows that's his ancestors lost the battle, but that dosen't matter because Gonzales is so proud that he is still here to fight. Gonzales writes,? I am still here,? it shows how he has endured and that his culture is still here. Gonzales is very proud that he has survived living in today's society,? I am the masses of my people and I refuse to be absorbed.? Gonzales also shows how he refuses to be acknowledged as someone else but as himself. He is happy with his culture,? La Raza! Mejicano! Espanol! Latino! Hispanio! Chicano or whatever I call myself, I look the same, I feel the same, I cry and sing the same. My faith unbreakable, my blood is pure.? Gonzales faith is so strong that it has endured through all of his struggles and his blood is pure. Gonzales continues to survive even though being put down by society. Gonzales explains how he and his culture endure with everything stacked up against them. He also writes that caught up in all the bewilderment he and his people will live perpetually. Gonzales writes,? Caught up in the whirl of a gringo society. Part of the blood that is mine has labored endlessly for four hundred years under the heel of lustful Europeans.? Gonzales understands that his blood has European greedy but he can deal with that and still survive. ? Destroyed by modern society.? Gonzales describes how mainstream society some of his culture (economically) and him. Gonzales still has hope he can endure. Gonzales must fight to let the future know they lost the economic battle but still survived culturally. He is so proud of himself of not getting caught up in mainstream society, he also has confidence that he can endure in a society that dosen't like him because of his bloodlines.

Essay on Aed 202 Week1

Essay on Aed 202 Week1 Essay on Aed 202 Week1 Being a middle grade and high school instructor, I have noticed numerous students in different emotional phases within their life. Emotional levels vary from formative years, early childhood, middle childhood and adolescent years. Being teacher, I must be continuously aware concerning my students ‘conducts. There are many emotional qualities that are expected from what I visualize, from students inside my school room. Hatred, anxiety, joy, as well as depression are all integrated with these emotional qualities. As a result of their levels of growth, individuals may have proper or improper emotional reactions. With regards to the length of their school day, each of the individuals encounters pleasure. This will happen if they get Ana for a task, get together with different buddies, or get to enjoy in free time such as break. Anything as simple as a smile or even a laughter could be the suitable reaction from any kind of given instant. Grimace or sad emotions are what the divergent reactions to joy will be. One more emotional trait includes fear. Fear is seen for many students at every stage of school. It doesn't make any difference when they want to try out in the basketball team; it's the very first day of the school year, or time for report cards or development reports. A scared facial manifestation, quiet or a fragment of worry might be a suitable indication of fear. Hatred and/or chaotic conduct may be incorrect reactions with fear. An additional emotional experience

Precedent- Statutory Interpretation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Precedent- Statutory Interpretation - Essay Example ferentiates the English Common Law system from Civil Law, where every case is tried based on a judge’s or jury’s interpretation of law at a particular time, regardless of the outcome of similar cases in the past. This begs one big question: Given that the judiciary has the task of interpreting laws and giving judgments when two or more parties do conflict; add to the fact that it is supposed to play a role that is separate from the legislature, has stare decisis effectively made English courts the rivals of Parliament in making laws? To be able to do that, let us examine the current rules of court in Britain. There are different rules of precedent for each court. There are cited as follows: (â€Å"Rules of precedent†, n.d.) Their Lordships regard the use of precedent as an indispensable foundation upon which to decide what is the law and its application to individual cases. It provides at least some degree of certainty upon which individuals can rely in the conduct of their affairs, as well as a basis for orderly development of legal rules. Their Lordships nevertheless recognise that too rigid adherence to precedent may lead to injustice in a particular case and also unduly restrict the proper development of the law. They propose, therefore, to modify their present practice and, while treating former decisions of this House as normally binding, to depart from a previous decision when it appears right to do so. In this connection they will bear in mind the danger of disturbing retrospectively the basis on which contracts, settlements of property and fiscal arrangements have been entered into and also the especial need for certainty as to the criminal law†¦.This announcement is not intended to affect the use of precedent elsewhere than in this House. Many people believe that the House of Lords is bound by the rules it set, but his statement has implied that the House of Lords is not really bound by its own decisions,

Compare and contrast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Compare and contrast - Essay Example This essay aims to provide the similarities and differences of school library and Internet on the role they play on the life of a student. Both the Internet and the library are great sources of information that provides students with relevant information for their studies. The difference is that the library can store only a limited number of books, information, and materials necessary for research and learning while almost everything you need to know and wanted to find out can be access online. But in terms of reliability and accuracy, the library still tops as the leading source of information. Information over the Internet can easily be altered and edited anonymously and anyone can make a claim or assertion on it, while books and several materials in the library are in print sources that makes editing and alteration too way impossible thus assuring researchers for accurate and reliable information (Fleming). The emergence and widespread use of Internet by students for their educational and research needs has replaced the role school libraries play in the life of a student. Because the Internet works faster and way more convenient than libraries, students depend on this technology for quicker and accessible research. Despite their differences, both are significant tools in providing students access to relevant information and supports the development of their research skills (â€Å"The Role

The Death of Socrates Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Death of Socrates - Assignment Example â€Å"The Death of Socrates† was completed in 1784 by Jacques-Louis David. David’s painting is a fine example of academic art which was a prevalent form in his day and age. The work was commissioned by the Tredaine de Montigny brothers, both of whom were active supporters of open public discussions and the free market system. This work of David’s would, ultimately, become an image of inspiration during the French Revolution.("Boston College") Academic artists rely on some very specific elements in order to qualify within the discipline. Firstly, it must contain historical relevance. The major subject of the work must contain a â€Å"sense of universal experience† within heroic terms; and nothing is allowed to distract from the subject or events that are being represented.(Goldstein 103) Socrates was a man of differing ideals and inspiring orations that earned him the accusations of being disruptive and of corrupting the Grecian youth. He was, ultimately, p ut on trial for this â€Å"crime† and found to be guilty. He was given the option of banishment or death by the consumption of hemlock. He accepts death rather than give up his principles. ... There are six people on either side of the philosopher. This includes the three individuals, one of which is Socrates’ wife, that are exiting up the distant stairs. The balance uses perspective that prevents the small, confining cell space from becoming overcrowded and helps keep the overall focus upon the main subject. The use of the neutral brown wood and gray stone has little texture, the majority of texture, as well as, color come from the people presented. Blue, rust, and yellow fabric is being worn repeatedly throughout the work, including by those exiting on the stairs. This retains the connected nature of everyone in the work. After all, in this style nothing can detract from the subject. This color continuity guarantees the perception that everyone is there or was there because of Socrates. The people on the stairs are not mistaken for people visiting another condemned prisoner. The only other character present that is even remotely distinguishable from the rest is, P lato, who is, also, wearing white robes. However, his robes remain more heavily shadowed. The light does not reflect as brightly upon his robes nor upon his skin as it does upon his mentor. Unity is extremely important within academic art, as well as, relevant in any piece of art. Unity is responsible for achieving an air of commonality within the end result and provides a sense of harmony of all the elements present.(Jirousek ) We know that all the individuals in â€Å"The Death of Socrates† belong there. We can look upon the environment and wardrobe and we accept that a moment of Grecian history has been captured. Everything appears and feels right. The intended function of the work and the artist’s purpose in creating it plays a huge role in the overall unity of the piece, as well.

Dark Tourism And Ethical Issues Tourism Essay

Dark Tourism And Ethical Issues Tourism Essay Abstract The research project aimed to do a critical analysis of the ethical issues of dark tourism. Six research objectives were set out to help achieve this aim. In the process of gathering relevant information on this topic, an analysis of dark tourism throughout the years will be done, followed by the commitment of different authors. Furthermore, by examine in depth both the consumers and providers point of views to further understand the ethical dilemma of dark tourism, the research project will highlight the main problems that occur within this sector of tourism. Secondary research has been chosen as a main research method. A wide variety of literature was gathered on the concept of culture and tourism by using a snowball sampling of secondary literature. This type of sampling was carried out by using the authors list of references to highlight other articles that might be of relevance. The findings indicated that, it may be possible to state that ethical issues will always continue to exist around dark tourism, as long dark tourism itself exists too. Recommendation has been given on the importance of the consideration of the ethicalities of dark tourism. As conclusion indicated, ethical issues cannot be understated, and both consumers and providers may want to work together, if in the future, we still would like to know about our history through the form of tourism instead through textbooks and education. Introduction Hall (1998) states that tourism is the worlds largest industry, and it is expected to continue to grow, develop and maintain. The tourist industry is a major economic, environmental and socio-cultural force, and it becomes a lifestyle for millions of people on our planet. Its beneficial effect on the development of political, social, cultural relations and international relations on a global scale has become an obvious fact to all countries around the world. (Meethan, 2001) Over the last half century it is seeing that tourists have long been attracted to places or events associated in one way or another with death, disaster and suffering. (Stone, 2009a) All these sites and many more which are similar, are what are called sites for dark tourism according to main theorists John Lennon and Malcolm Foley, also known as Thanatourism (Seaton, 1996 cited in Ryan et al, 2005) and Black Spots (Rojek, 1997). This form of tourism is what Seaton (1999) defines is about travelling to sites associated with death, suffering and other tragic events that have become significant tourist destinations. In fact, the act of touristic travel to places of death, war, genocide, assassination and disasters is becoming the most developing branch of tourism during the past years and cultural activity within contemporary society. At the same time, there is evidence of a greater willingness or desire on the part of tourists to visit dark attractions and the sites of dark events. (Stone, 2009a) For example, thousands of tourists come to Pont de lAlma Road Tunnel in Paris, to lay flowers and light candles in unofficial memorial of Princess Diana of Wales, where she died in car accident. With the growing popularity of this kind of tourism within the dark tourism market (Tunbridge and Ashworth, 1996), the ethical issues surrounding it will need to be enquired. Ethics plays a role in nearly every business related decision. (Hartman, 1998) With the consumers and providers participating in this growth of phenomenon of dark tourism, as they potentially contrasting ethical perspectives towards dark tourism may be different. Whereas a providers means of preserving history is to charge people to maintain its upkeep, the consumers may see it as money making scheme in the expense of the deceased lives of the site. Whereas the providers means of letting people know its history is through interpretation of vulgar images, may seem unethically unpleasant for consumers. The dissertation will focus on the question of ethics in dark tourism, thereby advancing knowledge and understanding of dark tourism itself. Aim The aim of the project is a critical analysis of the ethical issue of dark tourism. Whether the death could be sold and consumed throw dark attractions and national tragedies. Objectives To define Dark Tourism To define the concept of ethics To examine in depth both the consumers and providers point of views to further understand the ethical dilemma of dark tourism. To use Stone (2006)s shades of darkness spectrum as a tool for measuring different levels of dark tourism sites To establish a conceptual ethical framework for the study of selling provocative narratives of national tragedy in heritage situations To suggest recommendations on the ethical issues Rationale Despite the long history of dark tourism and evidence of travel to sites associated with death, the academic attention on this phenomenon has recently appeared. As a result, a number of fundamental questions with respect to dark tourism remain unanswered. (Stone, 2009a) This topic has been chosen due to a lack of research carried out on ethical and moral issues of dark tourism. The project can be useful to gain more knowledge into the topic of dark tourism. The study of dark tourism is important for a number of reasons. It can be used for educational purposes of wider social interest or for means of enjoyment. In relation to this Stone.R (2009, p.7) states: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Dark tourism provides the opportunity for tourists to experience playful houses of horror, discover places of pilgrimage such as the graves or death sites of famous people or visit sites of major disasters or atrocities Nevertheless, all these attractions require a deep understanding within cultural, social, historical and political context, effective interpretation and development. Otherwise the nature of dark tourism, in particular, the debates and conflicts it represent, will point to a number of issues that demand examination and understanding, such as ethics and morality. Whether people visit these sites for remembrance, education or entertainment purposes, there will be one dilemma relating to many dark attractions: if it is ethical and moral to sell, promote or offer death for touristic consumption. For example, millions of tourists stop alongside with those, who mourning the loss of loved ones, to see where the World Trade Center once stood in New York. In order to research the dilemma of the ethics and morality of dark tourism, it is necessary to realise that dark tourism is fascinating, emotive and provocative and it is important to explore many features of dark tourism, which may be perceived unethical by some people. Stone (2009a) states: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Consequently, the ethics of dark tourism  are perhaps part of the broader research agenda. Ultimately, from this research a fuller understanding of dark tourism  shall be made, and thus knowledge of the phenomenon advanced. Naturally, anyone researching dark tourism should consider the ethics of their research, in particular how data is both gathered and presented Furthermore a case study will be conducted in order to have a closer look at the situation and the major problems occurring regarding ethical issues of dark tourism. In addition, the researcher is originally interested in dark tourism phenomenon. For the past 2 years the researcher has visited the numerous places of death and disaster such as Chernobyl, and has noticed that it is becoming increasingly popular. The researcher also found out that, for 2 years there are numerous quantity of debates on particular dilemma, which will be analysed in the dissertation. It is hoped that this study will have an impact on understanding dark tourism. In addition, it is also hoped that this project will draw more attention to ethical issues and provide a new point of view for those, who does not accept truth and reality of dark sites or attractions. Literature Review Roberts (2004, p.73) defines a literature review as, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦locating, analysing, synthesising and interpreting previous researchà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ This section will be used to establish theoretical framework, identify models and studies and define key terminology in relation to dark tourism and ethics. All research that has been conducted will be presented within this section. An in-depth review of the literature has been done in order to gather relevant information on dark tourism itself and ethical issues throughout the years. The literature matrix illustrates the main areas which are perceived to be the most important in relation to the topic of dark tourism ethical issues. By creating a literature review matrix, it would help the researcher contrast and compare the authors work easily. As a result by carrying out a detailed review of the literature it could possibly identify important questions, key issues and noticeable gaps within the current knowledge on the topic. Dark Tourism: Definitions Only in recent years that it has been together referred to as dark tourism, travel to places associated with death, disaster and destruction has occurred as long as people have been able to travel. In many cases there is no clear definition of this tourism niche. Although, the term dark tourism was firstly created by Foley and Lennon (1996a,b). For Foley and Lennon, the term dark tourism relates primarily to the presentation and consumption (by visitors) of real and commodi ¬Ã‚ ed death and disaster sites (1996a:198); a broad de ¬Ã‚ nition later re ¬Ã‚ ned by their assertion that dark tourism is an intimation of post-modernity (Lennon and Foley 2000:11). At the same time, another terminology has been applied to the phenomenon. Seaton (1996) refers to death-related tourist activity as thanatourism, while other labels include morbid tourism (Blom, 2000), Rojek (1993) offered a Black Spot tourism definition, grief tourism and milking the macabre (Dann, 1994:61). Nevertheless, there is a factor, which is common to all these terms of tourism. It is all about association, in one form or another, between a tourism site, attraction or experience and death, disaster of suffering. As a result, definitions of dark tourism focus on connection between tourism and death. Tarlow (2005:48), for example, gives identification for dark tourism as visitations to places where tragedies or historically noteworthy death has occurred and that continue to impact our lives, a definition that aligns dark tourism somewhat barely to certain sites and hints at particular motives. Miles (2002) states that, however it excludes many dark sited and attractions related to, while not necessarily the site of, death and disaster. Therefore, for the purposes of this research project, the author will define dark tourism, according to Stone (2006, a) simply and generally as the act of travel to sites associated with death, suffering and the seemingly macabre. Ethics Stone (2006,a) states that ethics and the morality of selling provocative and sensitive narrative through heritage to the touring and visiting community is more established and documented problem of dark tourism. Ethics have been conceptualised as a set of rules and principles, concerning rightful conduct based on our most deeply held values, the things we most cherish and the things we most despise.(Lieberman, 2000). The term can also refer to the systematic study of way of thinking about how we ought to behave and finding a rational way of how we ought to live. Ethics and morality suggest a set of duties that require subordination of natural desires in order to obey the moral law (Singer, 1994). The 20th century saw philosophers approaching the problem of the origin of ethics as something unreachable. Among the most publicised conceptual thinkers in the field of ethics have been (Singer, 1994:18): Thrasymachus ( 4th century) and the thesis that ethics are imposed on the weak by the strong; Socrates (4th century) and the thesis that the ruler is not concerned with his own interests, but with that of the subject; Hobbes (17th century) and his statement that ethics give the ruler a right to to command and to be complied; Nietzsche (19th century) who proposed morality is the creation of the herd'(led more fear than hope) Ethics and Moralisation in Tourism There are numerous schools of thoughts and opinions, and literature on the board subject of ethics is prevalent. What is more significant in the situation of the dark tourism is suggesting a conceptual ethical framework for the analysis of providing and selling provocative narratives of nationwide tragedy in heritage settings. This study is concerned with two main and obvious parts of ethics and morality as follows: Business ethics and the extent to which businesses within the heritage industry which communicate a dark narrative to the visiting public consider their practices to be ethical( Stone, 2006,a) Personal morality and the extent to which these often provocative narratives are received and are passable according to the moral principles of visitors from widely varying cultural backgrounds. ( Stone, 2006,a) According to Stone (2006,a) the term business ethics has been described at the extreme as an oxymoron in the corporate world since some argue that morality, as Butcher ( 2003) states, is intrinsically absent in capitalist entrepreneurial ventures. At the moment the issue of business ethics is a conspicuous subject attracting attention from a number of communities of interest, such as consumers, pressure groups and the media (Strange and Kempa, 2003). According to Crane Matten (2007), corporate social responsibility is a dominant strand of the converse of business ethics and has been contrived to refer to the implicit process of communicating a legal and institutional corporate framework within which a duty of care (to people, the environment and employees among others) is implied. For dark tourism, it has not been fully elaborated upon in this context since there present different problems in communicating the social responsibility of these types of heritage sites, such as: The esotericism in the scope of what is morally acceptable to various communities of interest: is there a hierarchical order of care or responsibility that must be demonstrated? Stone (2006, a) provides example of Auschwitz as the most responsible way to admit visitors in compliance with the moral and ethical codes of the relatives of prisoners and victims, but also with the moral principles of other visitor types such as Polish visitors, young visitors. Conflicts of interest, according to Ryan et al (2005), are common in heritage but more morally charged where the narrative is provocative and contested Is it ethical to adopt another national tragedy and inculcate it with new national discourse? Cole (1999a) provides this in a context of the United States Holocaust memorial Museum which he disputes Americanises European Jewish tragedy, repacking Holocaust for American mass consumption in theatre, tourism and heritage. In general, these discourses of corporate social responsibility are present in language of many operations thus far defined as being in the dark tourism business Stone (2006a) states, that traditionally, tourism ethics are discussed in the context of tourism as a major economic engine that can wreak havoc on the environment and can negatively temper the influence host communities in destinations imagined as culturally sensitive Cheong and Miller (2000) discuss tourism ethics in terms of normalising what is acceptable or not acceptable, and an inspecting gaze influenced by the manipulation of imagery in tourism marketing. Tourism activity offers a rare, observable form of ethical behaviour. Tourists vote with their feet and demonstrate in visiting dark heritage sites that these are morally acceptable spaces to occupy. Ethical discourses linked to the production and consumption of contested heritage sites are shaped and maintained by many voices Stone (2006a). The issue of remembering tragedy and oppression in heritage sites and to whom memory is entrusted, is at the centre of academic debate surrounding truth and appropriate narratives broadcast by dark tourism sites. Summary of the literature review Issues in literature review has been addressed which stress the importance of the different definitions to cultural tourism suggested by different authors. The results of this literature review have enabled the author to complete the first objective of the study by demonstrating an understanding of the ethical issues of dark tourism, what dark tourism itself is and what ethical framework is. Using a wide range of modern academic perspectives has helped to illustrate meaning of dark tourism ethics academic perspective, which can be used in the following chapters in reviewing the main findings of the study undertaken. The matrix figure provides a summary of the main points generated by each academic paper and compares and contrasts the various authors views. The matrix figure illustrates the context of cultural tourism referred to in academic papers and books utilized in the literature review. It demonstrates that the opinions of the different authors are both different and similar. Methodology This section of dissertation is going to study the different research methods used within this project. In order to make this research project successful, it is important that appropriate research methods or techniques have to be chosen. The purpose of a methodology is to demonstrate, explain and justify the research methods used in this dissertation. According to Krippendorff (2004) the purpose of a methodology is to help the researcher effectively plan and examine the logic, composition and protocols of the research methods that have been used in research project. The researcher will present a summary of the sources of information gathered; a description of the procedure used to obtain information and the various research methods will be discussed. Furthermore, by completing the methodology it will demonstrate how a systematic investigation was applied into the topic of dark tourism. Choice of Research Design Secondary Data Sharp et al. (2002, p139) define two categories of data which are: primary data that the researcher collects through observations, interviews, questionnaires and etc.; and secondary data that have been collected by other previous researchers. As the author of this dissertation has already mentioned before, in order to perform this research project in successful way, two categories of data and different research methods should be investigated. This research project will be primarily based on secondary research because the primary research is not needed as all the information is already available through secondary research sources, such as books, journals and newspapers. What is more, in order to achieve the aim that has to be investigated, the best method of research would be secondary research. To enhance the existing but very little evidence of the posed topic, secondary research was gathered. Ghosh and Chopra (2003, p.33) define the term secondary research as: data which are already in existence and collected by others, not by the investigator and are available in published and unpublished forms Secondary research was chosen as the quickest and the easiest way to access and is the most cost effective approach to this research project as well. Veal (2006) confirms this by stating that secondary data often provides researchers with rapid answers to some questions at less cost than it would to undergo primary research. Furthermore, if there is enough secondary research to base the study on then it would be a waste of resources to collect new information for the same purposes (Veal, 2006).What is more, secondary research seemed more relevant than primary research. This was because there was wide variety of literature on the subject of dark tourism and ethical issues, sourced from University College Birmingham library, with many books containing relevant information, which will be discussed later. Primary Data The Oxford English Dictionary (2002) defines primary research which is collected for a specific and immediate research need There are many different ways in which to carry out primary research. In order of this research topic, the author found that many of the theories couldnt be backed up with primary data and with a suitable sample. For the purpose of this research project, primary research could be used to gather relevant data and access a large population of students at University College Birmingham and other universities situated in Birmingham. One of the core methods of carrying out primary research is through questionnaires. Mainly, there are two forms of questionnaires: open ended and closed ended. Open ended questionnaires are likely to have unlimited answers to a set of alternatives and likely to receive long answers. However, the difficulty is that they are difficult to analyse and as they seem to hand the baton of control over to the other person. Closed ended questions impose a direct risk to the validity of findings and can be answered with either a single word or a short phrase. Another form of primary research, which was considered were interviews. The Oxford English Dictionary (2002) defines interview as formal discussion between two parties in which information is exchanged. It is possible to say, that it is all about asking questions and receiving the answers. Therefore in this research project, due to difficulties in collecting the required data and access a large population for testing along the facilities required to carry out, a primary research would not be useful in gathering relevant data and the researcher will benefit further from analysing secondary data from literature. Obtaining Research The majority of secondary research for this dissertation was gathered from books, academically reviewed journals, on-line factual reports, newspapers and the internet. All this sources can justify the point of view of an author and provide relevant information about the research project. The most easily accessible secondary research method that the author of dissertation found was the usage text books. Text books were primarily used to gain background knowledge and obtain a wider understanding of specific topics. The advantage of using books is because it gives a clear understanding and academic information. As it was already mentioned before, this method was the easiest, because the researcher could get them not just from the University College Birmingham library, but also to the online library supplied by the University and other on-line organisations such as Amazon, EBay and Google. Key words had to be entered to find appropriate books from the on-line organisations and the library catalogue, the following key words were entered, dark tourism, dark tourism ethics, dark tourism and morality. There were some books which contained many different theories from the past to the present day. The researched decided that the most relevant authors for this research project were John Lennon and Malcolm Foley (2000) and Richard Sharpley and Phillip R.Stone (2009,a). Books for the methodology were found by entering the key words; research methods and methodology. The journals are preferred because they are accurate and provide up to date data, they are also more relevant to the topic as the dissertation is concentrated on the topic of consumers and providers point of views of dark tourism. The journals were accessed through academic search engines like Athens for example and journal databases such as ScienceDirect, Emerald Management Xtra. But unfortunately, these databases were not useful as they did not give any information on particular question, except ScienceDirect. Journals relating to the research topic were accessed with comfort as the researcher can type in key words and the database will present pages of journals that are associated with the key words. The key words the researcher typed in to each journal database were Dark tourism, ethical issues of dark tourism, ethics and morality, Dark tourism forum. To get more information, the researcher travelled to universities to view their journals however access to relevant information, w ere not as successful as it was to find them via the internet. On-line factual reports were used to obtain raw facts and figures; some of these reports include Mintel. Similarly to accessing the journals, key words were entered in order to retrieve the data, the key words that were entered were Dark tourism ethics, Dark tourism. Moreover, on-line articles were read in order to gain a wider perspective of the posed subject area. The usage of newspaper and internet will also be included in order to provide a variety of information and because they are easy of access. Newspapers are useful because they are up to date, however the information can be too subjective, and as for this particular topic of dark tourism, the researcher found newspapers not really useful, because of the lack of information on dark tourism. Internet was useful source of information; however the reader need to check if the source is reliable and information is updated. Websites are easy to access and easy to research information on and are also updated regularly. This variety of sources gives a better understanding of the subject. Construction of Design Out of all the research that has been taken, text books and academic journals were the most reliable and valid to use to back up any point. This is due to the fact that dark tourism is comparatively new phenomenon in tourism industry, books and academic journals are often published frequently throughout the year so the information that is provided is up to date. Furthermore, academic journals and text books are intensely reviewed by academic professionals before publication to ensure its validity. The author of dissertation aimed to gather resources that were only published after the year 1999 as this is relatively recent; however certain books have been used from a much earlier date due to their relevance to the research question. However, journals or books dated in the 80s or 90s will not consider as outdated. The selection of secondary data gathered has been published in a variety of places; it was thought that as the topic in question is ethical issue of dark tourism, then perhaps research published in a variety of countries would be useful to get a wide range of views from across the globe. Advantages and Disadvantages of Research Methods Although secondary research was the ideal research method to use for this research project, it does hold some disadvantages. There is always the risk that the author could include their own opinions, so they can strongly sway towards one point and books can be not updated on a regular basis. Also, with academic journals, there are many accurate topics and findings, however a fee is charged for many of them, some of which are only available to a certain group of people making them hard or even impossible to access, this could put a strain on the researchers findings. As for Mintel, some of reports were helpful, but not published yet for audience. Furthermore, Ghosh and Chopra (2003) mention that although it is more cost effective and less time consuming, the secondary research may not be as accurate as the researcher had hoped. Besides this, secondary research still remained ideal for the dissertation as the quality of data obtained can be better than the quality of primary research, as information gained through secondary sources could have been obtained using better and more advanced resources. Moreover, because of the lack of time and financial situation, secondary research was primarily used as being cost effective and less time consuming, it is also easy to access as it does not require any additional resources. Primary research was considered due to the fact that it is useful to gather relevant data and access a large population of students tailored to the researchers needs. However, it was rejected due to the lack of experience, funds and resources which could give a limit to the quality of the data gathered and as a result, being unsuccessful (Kumar, 2005). The researcher does not have any experience in carrying out primary research so in order to make the research project successful, it would be inappropriate for primary research to be undergone for this dissertation, and it would make more sense for the researcher to analyse findings from previous and more experienced researchers and academic professionals. Plan for Data Analysis As there is a variety of secondary information gathered, it is necessary for the researcher to analyse them carefully. This variety of sources gives a better understanding of the subject. Once it has all been collected, it will be thoroughly analysed to determine its validity and reliability, and those that are not pertinent will be rejected from being used for the dissertation. It is important that validity is measured carefully as Kirk and Miller (1986, p.71) mentions that perfect validity entails perfect reliability. In order to evaluate the collected research, the researcher will read over it and make their own judgments based on a number of factors surrounding it for example, the sources in which the information was collected from and the method in which the sources were collected. When applying the frame work, the researcher will use it to assess different aspects of the dark tourism ethics to conclude by providing final results to the aim. Summary This methodology has evaluated and justified the choice of research design for this dissertation. As secondary research is being used, the researcher has analysed this type of research by describing the advantages and disadvantages of it. After the collected research has been evaluated, the findings will be analysed and discussed in the following section. Analysis and Evaluation This section is essential as the researcher will be analysing and evaluating the findings of the research project. The main aspects of the results which were found in the data discussed in the literature review will be approached carefully in order to weigh up the arguments effectively. Dark tourism and ethical issues Among the more established dilemmas of dark tourism is ethics and morality. Dark tourism has often raised ethical debates and discussions about the ways in which leisure time and pleasure are mixed with tragedy (Kempa and Strange, 2003), as many people think some sites of dark tourism are too sensitive to present it for the world to see. In addition, management of dark tourism attraction is a sensitive issue which is difficult to undertake, and Tunbridge and Ashworth (1996) observed the misuse and abuse of sacred values for market benefit and entertainment purposes are more likely to occur at atrocity site than at other heritage sites. Moreover, as Stone (2009,a) states, the rights of those whose death is commoditised or commercialised through dark tourism represent an important ethical and moral dimension, which deserves depth consideration. However, although this may be the case, it actually varies depending on the sh

Mr. :: essays research papers

When in November 1945 John H. Johnson, a 27-year-old Black businessman with a vision and an abiding faith in himself, launched Ebony magazine, his timing couldn't have been more perfect. World War II had just come to an end and thousands of Black GIs who had helped "make the world safe for democracy" were returning to civilian life, ready to challenge racial discrimination at home. "Ebony," says Publisher Johnson, "was founded to project al dimension of the Black personality in a world saturated with stereotypes. We wanted to give Blacks a new sense of somebodiness, a new sense of self-respect. We wanted to tell them who they were and what they could do. We believed then--and we believe now--that Blacks needed positive images to fulfill their potentialities." Thanks to that winning formula, Ebony, whose name was the brainchild of the publisher's wife, Eunice W. Johnson, immediately captured the No. 1 spot as the most widely circulated and most popular Black magazine, a position it has been able to maintain for 50 consecutive years. In keeping with its mission, Ebony began chipping away at old stereotypes and replacing them with positive Black images by highlighting the achievements of Black men and women that had heretofore been ignored by the general press. So systematic had been the exclusion of Blacks from the White-controlled media that many people, including--sadly enough--a fair number of Blacks, had serious doubts about Blacks' ability to perform as well as their White counterparts. Ebony helped change all that. With articles and dramatic photos, the new publication showed bow undaunted Black individuals were able to triumph over poverty and racial barriers and succeed in building viable careers in education, business, sports, the military, entertainment and the arts. While monitoring the ongoing saga of Black progress, the magazine also put its resources to work to show its readers that Blacks had a history to be proud of and that even during slavery, there were Black men and women whose heroic deeds he lped in the freedom struggle and paved the way for future generations of Blacks. As the Freedom Movement gained momentum in the late `50s and early `60s, Ebony became the mirror of the struggle of rights activists, both North and South, to desegregate rail and bus transportation, lunch counters, public schools, hotels and motels, the armed forces and housing. Frequently at the risk of their own safety, Ebony writers and photographers braved the menacing presence of racist sheriffs in order to bring readers firsthand accounts of the valiant battle for racial equality waged by Blacks in a recalcitrant South.

Is It a Threat of Terrorism?

It is my dream to live in a world where no country on Earth requires a military to protect its citizens from invasion, but like most Utopian fantasies, such a world will never exist. As the leader of the free world, America has built up a huge military to protect the nation’s interests, its allies, and its way of life for its people. After the terror attacks on September 11, 2001, and our senseless invasion of two Islamic countries, the nation is still engaged in war to prevent Islamic extremist attacks.In recent years, public officials in the United States and terrorism analysts here and abroad have warned of an increasing threat of Muslim homegrown terrorist attacks. The terrorist attacks in Madrid in 2004 and in London in 2005 perpetrated by European homegrown terrorists have contributed to these concerns, as has the surge in terrorist-related arrests in the United States in 2009 and 2010. A closer look at the evidence, however, reveals that the threat of Islamic extremist engaging in lethal attacks in the United States has been frequently overstated.Since 1985 there has been 3,178 deaths resulting from Islamic terrorist attacks; including the 2,977 Americans casualties on 9/11. However, the number of American casualties resulting from Islamic extremism is falling drastically; with only 28 Americans killed by Islamic Extremist since the 2001 terror attacks. Terrorist plots by American Muslims are not growing in sophistication, and terrorists' capacities to acquire skills from overseas training are limited.In addition, contrary to concerns that so-called â€Å"lone wolves† will increasingly attempt terrorist attacks that are difficult to foil, there have been only two shootings in the United States by American Muslims since September 11, 2011, despite a significant propaganda effort by leaders of Al-Qaida encouraging such attacks. The Islamophobes (people with irrational fear of Islamic people) claim that Islam is intrinsically a terrorist relig ion. The proof? Well, just about every terrorist attack is Islamic, they retort. Unfortunately for them, that is not true.More like six percent. Using their defunct logic, these Islamophobes can now conclude that nearly all acts of terrorism are committed by Latinos. Let them dare say it. They could not; it would be political and social suicide to say such a thing. Most Americans would shut down such talk as bigoted; yet, similar statements continue to be said of Islam, without any repercussions. The war on terror focuses on groups loosely affiliated with the Al Qaeda terrorist network, but it turns out that Islamic extremists do not pose the greatest threat to America according to numerous reports.One report from the Department of Homeland Security states that the biggest threat to America, its people, and government is actually from Latinos. Latino terrorist spew out acts of terror on American soil every day. According to the Los Angeles Times, these terrorist also control over 90 % of all the drugs that enter the United States. Latino gang violence has resulted in a shocking number of casualties. Over 2,199 innocent American lives have been lost since 2007 due to kidnappings, sex trafficking, and horrendous murders, committed by Latino Terrorist.These facts might throw you for a total paradigm in your thoughts, but what if I also told you that Latinos account for over 42% of all acts of terror on United States soil since 1985? The Islamophobes live in a fantasy world where everyone is supposedly too â€Å"politically correct† to criticize Islam and Muslims. Numerous people are critical of Muslims; but  can you imagine the reaction if I said that Latinos should be profiled because after all they are the ones who commit the most terrorism in the country. Islamophobes   always live in mortal fear–or rather, they try to make  you  feel that way.Do not be fooled, break the spellbinding ideology of Islamophobes. I am sure that you do not live in constant fear of radicalized Latinos; even though they commit seven times more acts of terrorism than Islamic extremist in America. Why then are you constantly fearful over Islamic radicals? The time has come where we can finally halt our fear of Islamic extremist, and focus our attention more frequently on the Latino terrorist If Islamic extremist had half of a brain they would have potential to be dangerous; but for now, they are no different then automated bots, with pre-programmed information and beliefs.They are taught at early ages that the â€Å"West† is their enemy; and that there is no higher appraisal then dying for Allah through acts of terror and suicide. Ignorance breeds ignorance. What we must do is teach the United States citizens the truth about terrorism. Nobody is saying that Islamic terrorism is not a matter of concern, but it is grossly exaggerated.